课程作业
课程名称:数据库系统原理
作业次数:作业#3
学号:21281280
姓名:柯劲帆
班级:物联网2101班
指导老师:郝爽
修改日期:2024年3月30日
---
# 1. 题目1
> **按如下格式要求在实验报告中描述所有涉及到的表的结构。**
>
> **（格式说明略）**
**Passengers**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ---------- | ---------- | ---- | ---- | -------- | ---------------- |
| Passengers | kejingfan | ID | | ID | ID; Phone_number |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ------------ | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | ------------------------ |
| ID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 主键, 符合正则'^\d{18}$' |
| Name | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
| Phone_number | BIGINT | N | Y | | 唯一, 符合正则'^\d{11}$' |
**Users**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ----- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------- | -------- | --------------------------- |
| Users | kejingfan | ID | Phone_number; CitizenID | ID | ID; Phone_number; CitizenID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ------------ | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Password | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
| Phone_number | BIGINT | N | Y | | 外键 |
| CitizenID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 外键 |
**Stations**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| -------- | ---------- | ---- | ---- | -------- | -------- |
| Stations | kejingfan | ID | | ID | ID; Name |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| -------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Name | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 唯一 |
| Province | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
| City | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
**Trains**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ------ | ---------- | ---- | --------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------- |
| Trains | kejingfan | ID | StationID_start; StationID_arrive | ID | ID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ---------------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
| ID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Property | SMALLINT | N | N | | |
| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
说明：
Property字段，值的二进制的每一位表示：
| 位数 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| ------------- | -------------- | ---------------- | ---------- | -------------- |
| 值为0/1的含义 | 无/有 静音车厢 | 不是/是 智能车厢 | 无/有 卧铺 | 不是/是 复兴号 |
如$\text{Property} = {(9)}_{10} = {(1001)}_{2}$，说明有静音车厢、是复兴号。
**Seats**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ----- | ---------- | ---- | ------- | -------- | ----------- |
| Seats | kejingfan | ID | TrainID | ID | ID; TrainID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| -------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
| ID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Type | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
**Tickets**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ------- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------------------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Tickets | kejingfan | ID | StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID | ID | ID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------------------------------- |
| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Price | DECIMAL ( 7, 2 ) | N | N | | |
| Time_start | DATETIME | N | N | | |
| Time_arrive | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (Time_start <= Time_arrive) |
| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| SeatID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
**Transactions**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ------------ | ---------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Transactions | kejingfan | ID | User; PassengerID; TrainID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID | ID | ID; User; PassengerID; TrainID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ---------------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | ------------------------------- |
| ID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 主键 |
| Time | DATETIME | N | N | | |
| Paid | TINYINT | N | N | | |
| User | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| PassengerID | BIGINT | N | N | | 外键 |
| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| Time_start | DATETIME | N | N | | |
| Time_arrive | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (Time_start < Time_arrive) |
| SeatID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
**Sold**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ---- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------- | -------- | ----------------------- |
| Sold | kejingfan | | TransactionID; TicketID | | TransactionID; TicketID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ------------- | -------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
| TransactionID | BIGINT | N | N | | 外键 |
| TicketID | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
**Passbys**
| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
| ------- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------- | -------- | -------------- |
| Passbys | kejingfan | | StationID; TrainID| | StationID; TrainID |
| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
| ----------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------------------------------- |
| StationID | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
| arrive_time | DATETIME | N | N | | |
| leave_time | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (arrive_time <= leave_time) |
# 2. 题目2
> **根据以上定义，写出各表的建表语句，并在你选定的关系型数据库平台上建立各个表，请将建表语句统一写在扩展名为sql文件中，构建一个建库脚本文本，命名要求为：DBLabScript_学号.sql**
```mysql
CREATE TABLE Passengers (
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( ID, '^\\d{18}$' ) ),
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( Phone_number, '^\\d{11}$' ) )
);
CREATE TABLE Users (
ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`Password` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
CitizenID BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( Phone_number ) REFERENCES Passengers ( Phone_number ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( CitizenID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE TABLE Stations (
ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
Province VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
City VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Trains (
ID VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY,
Property SMALLINT NOT NULL,
StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE TABLE Seats (
ID VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY,
Type VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE TABLE Tickets (
ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
Price DECIMAL ( 7, 2 ) NOT NULL,
Time_start DATETIME NOT NULL,
Time_arrive DATETIME NOT NULL,
StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
SeatID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( SeatID ) REFERENCES Seats ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CHECK (Time_start <= Time_arrive)
);
CREATE TABLE Transactions (
ID BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`Time` DATETIME NOT NULL,
Paid TINYINT NOT NULL,
`User` INT NOT NULL,
PassengerID BIGINT NOT NULL,
TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
Time_start DATETIME NOT NULL,
Time_arrive DATETIME NOT NULL,
SeatID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( `User` ) REFERENCES Users ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( PassengerID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( SeatID ) REFERENCES Seats ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CHECK (Time_start < Time_arrive)
);
CREATE TABLE Sold (
TransactionID BIGINT NOT NULL,
TicketID INT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( TransactionID ) REFERENCES Transactions ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( TicketID ) REFERENCES Tickets ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
CREATE TABLE Passbys (
StationID INT NOT NULL,
TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
arrive_time DATETIME NOT NULL,
leave_time DATETIME NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( StationID ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CHECK (arrive_time <= leave_time)
);
```
# 3. 题目3
> **掌握使用各自选用的关系型数据库的控制台插入数据的不同方法（执行数据批量插入脚本、窗口界面表格式手工录入、命令行交互式录入），实际填入测试数据，以验证你所设计的数据模型的合理性和完整性，注意验证三种完整性约束。**
**执行数据批量插入脚本**
```mysql
INSERT INTO Stations ( `Name`, Province, City )
VALUES
( '北京南', '北京', '北京' ),
( '沧州西', '河北', '沧州' ),
( '济南西', '山东', '济南' ),
( '徐州东', '江苏', '徐州' ),
( '宿州东', '安徽', '宿州' ),
( '蚌埠南', '安徽', '蚌埠' ),
( '南京南', '江苏', '南京' ),
( '无锡南', '江苏', '无锡' ),
( '上海虹桥', '上海', '上海' );
INSERT INTO Trains ( ID, StationID_start, StationID_arrive, Property )
VALUES
( 'G103', 1, 9, 1 );
INSERT INTO Passbys ( StationID, TrainID, arrive_time, leave_time )
VALUES
( 1, 'G103', '2024-03-28 06:20:00', '2024-03-28 06:20:00' ),
( 2, 'G103', '2024-03-28 07:13:00', '2024-03-28 07:15:00' ),
( 3, 'G103', '2024-03-28 08:01:00', '2024-03-28 08:04:00' ),
( 4, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:07:00', '2024-03-28 09:09:00' ),
( 5, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:28:00', '2024-03-28 09:33:00' ),
( 6, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:56:00', '2024-03-28 09:58:00' ),
( 7, 'G103', '2024-03-28 10:40:00', '2024-03-28 10:43:00' ),
( 8, 'G103', '2024-03-28 11:27:00', '2024-03-28 11:29:00' ),
( 9, 'G103', '2024-03-28 11:58:00', '2024-03-28 11:58:00' );
```
**窗口界面表格式手工录入**
使用Navicat软件进行窗口界面表格式手工录入。
**命令行交互式录入**
登录MySQL：
```sh
$ mysql -u kejingfan -p -h 192.168.31.197
```
使用数据库：
```mysql
mysql> USE DBLab;
```
输入插入数据命令：
```mysql
mysql> INSERT INTO Passbys ( StationID, TrainID, arrive_time, leave_time )
-> VALUES ( 9, 'G137', '2024-03-30 18:56:00', '2024-03-30 18:56:00' );
```
查看插入结果：
```mysql
mysql> SELECT * FROM Passbys
-> WHERE StationID = 9;
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
| StationID | TrainID | arrive_time | leave_time |
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 9 | G103 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 |
| 9 | G137 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 |
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
```
截图如下：
# 4. 题目4
> **请根据以上设计结果，重新完善与整理实验2中所设计的模式，可重新修改并提交作业2。**
已在作业2中完善模式。
# 5. 题目5
> **请设计一些简单的单表查询、多表连接查询语句，查询表中的内容，并截图证明。**
**单表查询**
```mysql
mysql> SELECT * FROM Passbys
-> WHERE StationID = 9;
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
| StationID | TrainID | arrive_time | leave_time |
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 9 | G103 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 |
| 9 | G137 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 |
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM Trains;
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
| ID | Property | StationID_start | StationID_arrive |
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
| G103 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| G137 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
```
**多表连接查询**
```mysql
SELECT
Passbys.TrainID,
Stations.`Name`,
Passbys.arrive_time,
Passbys.leave_time,
( Passbys.leave_time - Passbys.arrive_time ) / 100 AS Stay_time
FROM
Passbys
JOIN Stations ON Passbys.StationID = Stations.ID;
```
# 6. 题目6
> **请尝试练习在某些表上建立唯一索引和聚集索引的方法，并将建索引的语句写入建库脚本中。**
```mysql
CREATE TABLE Passengers (
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( ID, '^\\d{18}$' ) ),
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( Phone_number, '^\\d{11}$' ) )
);
CREATE TABLE Users (
ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`Password` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
CitizenID BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY ( Phone_number ) REFERENCES Passengers ( Phone_number ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY ( CitizenID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
```
已在建库脚本中加入。
其中，含`PRIMARY KEY`的语句是聚集索引，含`UNIQUE`的语句是唯一索引。
# 7. 题目7
> **若某个表中涉及百万甚至千万级以上的数据，请提出仿真这些数据的方案，并在实验报告加以叙述。**
目前的方案是使用爬虫爬取12306半个月内火车票的真实数据；对于购票的数据，使用Python随机生成。