完成lab2&lab3
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Assignments/Assignment3/source/作业3_21281280_柯劲帆.md
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Assignments/Assignment3/source/作业3_21281280_柯劲帆.md
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<h1><center>课程作业</center></h1>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">课程名称</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">数据库系统原理</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">作业次数</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">作业#3</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">学号</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">21281280</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">姓名</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">柯劲帆</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">班级</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">物联网2101班</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">指导老师</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">郝爽</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">修改日期</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">2024年3月30日</span></div>
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</div>
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---
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# 1. 题目1
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> **按如下格式要求在实验报告中描述所有涉及到的表的结构。**
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>
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> **（格式说明略）**
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**Passengers**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ---------- | ---------- | ---- | ---- | -------- | ---------------- |
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| Passengers | kejingfan | ID | | ID | ID; Phone_number |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ------------ | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | ------------------------ |
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| ID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 主键, 符合正则'^\d{18}$' |
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| Name | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
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| Phone_number | BIGINT | N | Y | | 唯一, 符合正则'^\d{11}$' |
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**Users**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ----- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------- | -------- | --------------------------- |
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| Users | kejingfan | ID | Phone_number; CitizenID | ID | ID; Phone_number; CitizenID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ------------ | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
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| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Password | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
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| Phone_number | BIGINT | N | Y | | 外键 |
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| CitizenID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 外键 |
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**Stations**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| -------- | ---------- | ---- | ---- | -------- | -------- |
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| Stations | kejingfan | ID | | ID | ID; Name |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| -------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
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| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Name | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 唯一 |
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| Province | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
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| City | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
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**Trains**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ------ | ---------- | ---- | --------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------- |
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| Trains | kejingfan | ID | StationID_start; StationID_arrive | ID | ID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ---------------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
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| ID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Property | SMALLINT | N | N | | |
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| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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说明：
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Property字段，值的二进制的每一位表示：
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| 位数 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
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| ------------- | -------------- | ---------------- | ---------- | -------------- |
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| 值为0/1的含义 | 无/有 静音车厢 | 不是/是 智能车厢 | 无/有 卧铺 | 不是/是 复兴号 |
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如$\text{Property} = {(9)}_{10} = {(1001)}_{2}$，说明有静音车厢、是复兴号。
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**Seats**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ----- | ---------- | ---- | ------- | -------- | ----------- |
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| Seats | kejingfan | ID | TrainID | ID | ID; TrainID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| -------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
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| ID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Type | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | |
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| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
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**Tickets**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ------- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------------------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------- |
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| Tickets | kejingfan | ID | StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID | ID | ID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ---------------- | ---------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------------------------------- |
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| ID | INT | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Price | DECIMAL ( 7, 2 ) | N | N | | |
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| Time_start | DATETIME | N | N | | |
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| Time_arrive | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (Time_start <= Time_arrive) |
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| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| SeatID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
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**Transactions**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ------------ | ---------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| Transactions | kejingfan | ID | User; PassengerID; TrainID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID | ID | ID; User; PassengerID; TrainID; StationID_start; StationID_arrive; SeatID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ---------------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | ------------------------------- |
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| ID | BIGINT | N | Y | | 主键 |
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| Time | DATETIME | N | N | | |
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| Paid | TINYINT | N | N | | |
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| User | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| PassengerID | BIGINT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
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| StationID_start | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| StationID_arrive | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| Time_start | DATETIME | N | N | | |
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| Time_arrive | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (Time_start < Time_arrive) |
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| SeatID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
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**Sold**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ---- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------------- | -------- | ----------------------- |
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| Sold | kejingfan | | TransactionID; TicketID | | TransactionID; TicketID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ------------- | -------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- |
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| TransactionID | BIGINT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| TicketID | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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**Passbys**
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| 表名 | 数据库用户 | 主键 | 外键 | 排序字段 | 索引字段 |
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| ------- | ---------- | ---- | ----------------- | -------- | -------------- |
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| Passbys | kejingfan | | StationID; TrainID| | StationID; TrainID |
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| 字段名称 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | 默认值 | 约束条件 |
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| ----------- | --------------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------------------------------- |
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| StationID | INT | N | N | | 外键 |
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| TrainID | VARCHAR ( 255 ) | N | N | | 外键 |
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| arrive_time | DATETIME | N | N | | |
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| leave_time | DATETIME | N | N | | 检查 (arrive_time <= leave_time) |
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# 2. 题目2
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> **根据以上定义，写出各表的建表语句，并在你选定的关系型数据库平台上建立各个表，请将建表语句统一写在扩展名为sql文件中，构建一个建库脚本文本，命名要求为：DBLabScript_学号.sql**
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```mysql
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CREATE TABLE Passengers (
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ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( ID, '^\\d{18}$' ) ),
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CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( Phone_number, '^\\d{11}$' ) )
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);
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CREATE TABLE Users (
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ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Password` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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CitizenID BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( Phone_number ) REFERENCES Passengers ( Phone_number ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( CitizenID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE Stations (
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ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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Province VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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City VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL
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);
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CREATE TABLE Trains (
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ID VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY,
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Property SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
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StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE Seats (
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ID VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY,
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Type VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE Tickets (
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ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
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Price DECIMAL ( 7, 2 ) NOT NULL,
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Time_start DATETIME NOT NULL,
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Time_arrive DATETIME NOT NULL,
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StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
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StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
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SeatID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( SeatID ) REFERENCES Seats ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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CHECK (Time_start <= Time_arrive)
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);
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CREATE TABLE Transactions (
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ID BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Time` DATETIME NOT NULL,
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Paid TINYINT NOT NULL,
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`User` INT NOT NULL,
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PassengerID BIGINT NOT NULL,
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TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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StationID_start INT NOT NULL,
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StationID_arrive INT NOT NULL,
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Time_start DATETIME NOT NULL,
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Time_arrive DATETIME NOT NULL,
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SeatID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( `User` ) REFERENCES Users ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( PassengerID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_start ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID_arrive ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( SeatID ) REFERENCES Seats ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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CHECK (Time_start < Time_arrive)
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);
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CREATE TABLE Sold (
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TransactionID BIGINT NOT NULL,
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TicketID INT NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( TransactionID ) REFERENCES Transactions ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( TicketID ) REFERENCES Tickets ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE Passbys (
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StationID INT NOT NULL,
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TrainID VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
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arrive_time DATETIME NOT NULL,
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leave_time DATETIME NOT NULL,
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FOREIGN KEY ( StationID ) REFERENCES Stations ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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FOREIGN KEY ( TrainID ) REFERENCES Trains ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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CHECK (arrive_time <= leave_time)
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);
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```
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# 3. 题目3
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> **掌握使用各自选用的关系型数据库的控制台插入数据的不同方法（执行数据批量插入脚本、窗口界面表格式手工录入、命令行交互式录入），实际填入测试数据，以验证你所设计的数据模型的合理性和完整性，注意验证三种完整性约束。**
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**执行数据批量插入脚本**
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```mysql
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INSERT INTO Stations ( `Name`, Province, City )
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VALUES
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( '北京南', '北京', '北京' ),
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( '沧州西', '河北', '沧州' ),
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( '济南西', '山东', '济南' ),
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( '徐州东', '江苏', '徐州' ),
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( '宿州东', '安徽', '宿州' ),
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( '蚌埠南', '安徽', '蚌埠' ),
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( '南京南', '江苏', '南京' ),
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( '无锡南', '江苏', '无锡' ),
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( '上海虹桥', '上海', '上海' );
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INSERT INTO Trains ( ID, StationID_start, StationID_arrive, Property )
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VALUES
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( 'G103', 1, 9, 1 );
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INSERT INTO Passbys ( StationID, TrainID, arrive_time, leave_time )
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VALUES
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( 1, 'G103', '2024-03-28 06:20:00', '2024-03-28 06:20:00' ),
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( 2, 'G103', '2024-03-28 07:13:00', '2024-03-28 07:15:00' ),
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( 3, 'G103', '2024-03-28 08:01:00', '2024-03-28 08:04:00' ),
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( 4, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:07:00', '2024-03-28 09:09:00' ),
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( 5, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:28:00', '2024-03-28 09:33:00' ),
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( 6, 'G103', '2024-03-28 09:56:00', '2024-03-28 09:58:00' ),
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( 7, 'G103', '2024-03-28 10:40:00', '2024-03-28 10:43:00' ),
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( 8, 'G103', '2024-03-28 11:27:00', '2024-03-28 11:29:00' ),
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( 9, 'G103', '2024-03-28 11:58:00', '2024-03-28 11:58:00' );
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```
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**窗口界面表格式手工录入**
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使用Navicat软件进行窗口界面表格式手工录入。
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**命令行交互式录入**
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登录MySQL：
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```sh
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$ mysql -u kejingfan -p -h 192.168.31.197
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```
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使用数据库：
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```mysql
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mysql> USE DBLab;
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```
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输入插入数据命令：
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```mysql
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mysql> INSERT INTO Passbys ( StationID, TrainID, arrive_time, leave_time )
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-> VALUES ( 9, 'G137', '2024-03-30 18:56:00', '2024-03-30 18:56:00' );
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```
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查看插入结果：
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```mysql
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mysql> SELECT * FROM Passbys
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-> WHERE StationID = 9;
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+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
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| StationID | TrainID | arrive_time | leave_time |
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+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
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| 9 | G103 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 |
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| 9 | G137 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 |
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+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
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2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
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```
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截图如下：
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# 4. 题目4
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> **请根据以上设计结果，重新完善与整理实验2中所设计的模式，可重新修改并提交作业2。**
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||||
|
||||
已在作业2中完善模式。
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||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
# 5. 题目5
|
||||
|
||||
> **请设计一些简单的单表查询、多表连接查询语句，查询表中的内容，并截图证明。**
|
||||
|
||||
**单表查询**
|
||||
|
||||
```mysql
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM Passbys
|
||||
-> WHERE StationID = 9;
|
||||
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
|
||||
| StationID | TrainID | arrive_time | leave_time |
|
||||
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
|
||||
| 9 | G103 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 | 2024-03-28 11:58:00 |
|
||||
| 9 | G137 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 | 2024-03-30 18:56:00 |
|
||||
+-----------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+
|
||||
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
|
||||
|
||||
mysql> SELECT * FROM Trains;
|
||||
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
|
||||
| ID | Property | StationID_start | StationID_arrive |
|
||||
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
|
||||
| G103 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
|
||||
| G137 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
|
||||
+------+----------+-----------------+------------------+
|
||||
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**多表连接查询**
|
||||
|
||||
```mysql
|
||||
SELECT
|
||||
Passbys.TrainID,
|
||||
Stations.`Name`,
|
||||
Passbys.arrive_time,
|
||||
Passbys.leave_time,
|
||||
( Passbys.leave_time - Passbys.arrive_time ) / 100 AS Stay_time
|
||||
FROM
|
||||
Passbys
|
||||
JOIN Stations ON Passbys.StationID = Stations.ID;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 6. 题目6
|
||||
|
||||
> **请尝试练习在某些表上建立唯一索引和聚集索引的方法，并将建索引的语句写入建库脚本中。**
|
||||
|
||||
```mysql
|
||||
CREATE TABLE Passengers (
|
||||
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
`Name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
|
||||
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
|
||||
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( ID, '^\\d{18}$' ) ),
|
||||
CHECK ( REGEXP_LIKE ( Phone_number, '^\\d{11}$' ) )
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE Users (
|
||||
ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
`Password` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
|
||||
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
|
||||
CitizenID BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
|
||||
FOREIGN KEY ( Phone_number ) REFERENCES Passengers ( Phone_number ) ON DELETE CASCADE,
|
||||
FOREIGN KEY ( CitizenID ) REFERENCES Passengers ( ID ) ON DELETE CASCADE
|
||||
);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
已在建库脚本中加入。
|
||||
|
||||
其中，含`PRIMARY KEY`的语句是聚集索引，含`UNIQUE`的语句是唯一索引。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 7. 题目7
|
||||
|
||||
> **若某个表中涉及百万甚至千万级以上的数据，请提出仿真这些数据的方案，并在实验报告加以叙述。**
|
||||
|
||||
目前的方案是使用爬虫爬取12306半个月内火车票的真实数据；对于购票的数据，使用Python随机生成。
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
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