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Jingfan Ke
2025-05-27 16:03:52 +08:00
commit 2d22d07f60
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Lab/Lab2/21281280_柯劲帆_第2次实验_查找字符.zip Executable file
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Lab/Lab2/21281280_柯劲帆_第2次实验_查找字符/21281280_柯劲帆_实验2报告.pdf Executable file
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Lab/Lab2/21281280_柯劲帆_第2次实验_查找字符/code.asm Executable file
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DATA SEGMENT
CHAR DB 'A'
HINT1 DB 'Please enter a string: $'
HINT2 DB 10, 27H, 'A', 27H, ' occured time: $'
TIMES DB 0
MAXLEN DB 100
LEN DB 0
TABLE DB 100 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AH, 9
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT1
INT 21H
LEA DX, MAXLEN
MOV AH, 0AH
INT 21H
CALL CNT
MOV AH, 9
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT2
INT 21H
MOV AL, TIMES
ADD AL, '0'
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CNT PROC NEAR
MOV CX, 0
MOV CL, LEN
MOV SI, -1
MOV AL, CHAR
LP:
INC SI
CMP AL, TABLE[SI]
JNZ BACK
INC TIMES
BACK:
LOOP LP
RET
CNT ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

105
Lab/Lab2/material/.$graph.drawio.bkp Executable file
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Lab/Lab2/material/.$graph.drawio.dtmp Executable file
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Lab/Lab2/material/21281280_柯劲帆_实验2报告.md Executable file
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![cover](cover.png)
# 一、实验目的
1. 了解汇编语言子程序的概念。
2. 掌握汇编语言子程序的定义、调用和返回。
3. 掌握设计汇编语言子程序及过程的基本方法。
4. 清楚调用指令CALL及返回指令RET执行时堆栈内容及指针的变化。
5. 掌握子程序和主程序间的参数传递方法。
# 二、实验内容
试编写一个有主程序和子程序结构的程序模块。
主程序：要求从键盘接收一串字符并存于字节数组TABLE中，显示字符CHAR出现的次数。
子程序：在以TABLE为首地址的字节数组中查找CHAR，统计出现的次数。
# 三、流程图
![graph](graph.drawio.svg)
# 四、实验过程与分析
![1](1.png)
将源代码放入MASM路径下，编译。
没有警告和报错。
![2](2.png)
LINK链接程序。
![3](3.png)
出现提示信息。
![4](4.png)
输入字符串，按下回车。
程序打印出指定字符“**A**”出现的次数。
# 五、实验总结
在本实验中，我了解了汇编语言子程序的概念，掌握了汇编语言子程序的定义、调用和返回，以及设计汇编语言子程序及过程的基本方法。
# 六、思考题
> 子程序和主程序之间的参数传递是通过什么方式实现的？
通常情况下，主、子程序之间传递参数可以通过以下四种方式实现：
1. 寄存器传送参数
2. 存储单元传送参数
3. 堆栈传送参数或参数地址
4. 多模块之间的参数传递
**本实验程序使用寄存器传递参数。**
> 在DEBUG环境下观察执行CALL指令时CS、IP寄存器是否变化。
![5](5.png)
执行CALL指令的时候
- 如果是段内近调用，不会改变CS，但是IP会改变。（本实验程序是这种情况，如图所示可见CS不变，IP变）
- 如果是远调用，CS和IP都会改变。
> 在DEBUG环境下观察执行CALL、RET时堆栈的变化。
![6](6.png)
![7](7.png)
由执行CALL前后SP值的变化和对应地址记录的值，可知由于是近调用，将IP压入栈中记录，SP记录了要返回的IP=0017H。
（由于DEBUG环境无法输入字符串，很难观测RET指令执行时的情况。实际上RET时，SP会回退，原来CS和IP的值会退栈，然后赋值给当前的CS和IP。）
# 源代码附录
```assembly
DATA SEGMENT
CHAR DB 'A'
HINT1 DB 'Please enter a string: $'
HINT2 DB 10, 27H, 'A', 27H, ' occured time: $'
TIMES DB 0
MAXLEN DB 100
LEN DB 0
TABLE DB 100 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT1 ; 将HINT1的偏移地址赋给DX准备输出
MOV AH, 9 ; 输出
INT 21H
LEA DX, MAXLEN ; 0AH功能会获取DS:[DX](已定义为MAXLEN)作为输入缓冲区最大容量
MOV AH, 0AH ; 调用0AH功能，将输入的字符串长度存入DS:[DX+1](已定义为LEN)
INT 21H ; 将字符串存入从DS:DX+2开始的空间(已定义为TABLE)
CALL CNT ; 统计字符“A”的数量，结果在TIMES中
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT2 ; 将HINT2的偏移地址赋给DX准备输出
MOV AH, 9 ; 输出
INT 21H
MOV AL, TIMES
ADD AL, '0' ; TIMES += '0' (将数字信息转换成字符)
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H ; 显示单个字符
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CNT PROC NEAR
MOV CX, 0
MOV CL, LEN
MOV SI, -1 ; SI是遍历TABLE的下标
MOV AL, CHAR ; 要比较的字符移到AL中(CMP不能比较两个内存单元)
LP:
INC SI
CMP AL, TABLE[SI]
JNE BACK ; 不相等则跳过INC TIMES，重新循环
INC TIMES
BACK:
LOOP LP ; LOOP先将CX -= 1，然后判断是否为0，为0就退出循环
RET
CNT ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START
```

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DATA SEGMENT
CHAR DB 'A'
HINT1 DB 'Please enter a string: $'
HINT2 DB 10, 27H, 'A', 27H, ' occured time: $'
TIMES DB 0
MAXLEN DB 100
LEN DB 0
TABLE DB 100 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT1 ; 将HINT1的偏移地址赋给DX准备输出
MOV AH, 9 ; 输出
INT 21H
LEA DX, MAXLEN ; 0AH功能会获取DS:[DX](已定义为MAXLEN)作为输入缓冲区最大容量
MOV AH, 0AH ; 调用0AH功能，将输入的字符串长度存入DS:[DX+1](已定义为LEN)
INT 21H ; 将字符串存入从DS:DX+2开始的空间(已定义为TABLE)
CALL CNT ; 统计字符“A”的数量，结果在TIMES中
MOV DX, OFFSET HINT2 ; 将HINT2的偏移地址赋给DX准备输出
MOV AH, 9 ; 输出
INT 21H
MOV AL, TIMES
ADD AL, '0' ; TIMES += '0' (将数字信息转换成字符)
MOV DL, AL
MOV AH, 02H ; 显示单个字符
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CNT PROC NEAR
MOV CX, 0
MOV CL, LEN
MOV SI, -1 ; SI是遍历TABLE的下标
MOV AL, CHAR ; 要比较的字符移到AL中(CMP不能比较两个内存单元)
LP:
INC SI
CMP AL, TABLE[SI]
JNE BACK ; 不相等则跳过INC TIMES，重新循环
INC TIMES
BACK:
LOOP LP ; LOOP先将CX -= 1，然后判断是否为0，为0就退出循环
RET
CNT ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

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